ARISTOTLE

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Famous philosopher, the finisher of ancient Greek philosophy. He was born in Stageira, Macedonia. At the age of 18, he came to Athens and enrolled in Plato's School, the well-known Academy, with whom he studied for 20 years. During this time he studied Platonic philosophy, and laid the foundations of his own.

In 342, he was summoned by the Macedonian king Philip and took charge of the education of the thirteen-year-old Alexander, which was interrupted as soon as Alexander began to prepare for the campaign against the Persians. He returned to Athens (335), to find all the public places occupied by the various philosophers. For this reason, Aristotle began to philosophize with his friends while walking, which is why his School was called the Walking School and his followers walking philosophers. When his disciples became very fat, then he taught sitting and surrounded by them.

He organized his students according to the Platonic model. On the contrary, to the idealist Plato, he is the founder of positivism in Greek philosophy and created the sciences of Logic, Psychology, Rhetoric, Physics and Metaphysics. In his surviving writings there is a storehouse of knowledge that caused astonishment as to how it was possible for one man to be able to gather such a wealth of knowledge and assemble and organize it, alone, into a perfect system. For his unprecedented intelligence and his hard work, he was admired by generous kings and rulers of Greece and Asia, and first of all Alexander the Great.

Aristotle's genius aroused the envy of contemporary Athenian philosophers, who in various ways slandered and insulted him. Even his nephew Callisthenes, who accompanied Alexander on the campaign, accused the great philosopher to Alexander, and a whole conspiracy was woven against him, which supposedly turned against Alexander's life. Tired and disgusted by the war that had been waged against him, especially after the death of Alexander, by Athenian philosophers, Aristotle fled to Chalkida, where he had a country house, and died there self-exiled and embittered.

The dead body of the great philosopher was brought to his hometown of Stageira and his fellow citizens erected an altar, near which the authorities of the city went to gather. Furthermore, they defined an "Aristotelion festival", which was celebrated once a year, and in a month they named Aristotle. In Aristotle's testament, saved by Diogenes Laertius, the character of the Stagerite sage, which so many sought to tarnish, can be seen crystal clear: gratitude, charity, impartiality, piety, respect for the last wills of his departed relatives and provision for the survivors.

Works

• Politics
• Ethics Major
• Economicous
• On virtues and evils
• Republic of Athenians - Fragments
• Ethics Eudemeia
• Ethics Nicomachean
• Meta physics
• Meteorological
• The histories of animals
• On parts of animals
• On motion of animals
• On path of animals
• On genesis of animals
• ORGANON 1 - Categories
• On interpretation
• ORGANON 2 - Locals
• ORGANON 3 - On sophist arguments
• ORGANON 4- Analytics prior
• ORGANON 5 - Analytics posterior
• Rhetoric
• On sky
• On birth and decay
• On cosmos
• Physics minor
• Poetics
• Minor
• Problems
• On soul
• Physics
• On spirit
• Rhetoric to Alexander
• Prompt essay

Quotes

1. EDUCATION IS AN ORNAMENT IN HAPPINESS AND A REFUGE IN MISFORTUNE
2. GRATITUDE GETS OLD FAST
3. HOPE IS THE DREAM OF SOMEONE WHO IS NOT SLEEPING
4. EDUCATION NEEDS THREE THINGS: INHERENT ABILITY, STUDY, PRACTICE
5. BEAUTY IS A DIVINE GIFT
6. THE ROOTS OF EDUCATION ARE BITTER, BUT THE FRUIT IS SWEET
7. A FRIEND IS A SOUL INSIDE TWO BODIES
8. THE PROFIT OF PHILOSOPHY IS TO DO BY YOUR OWN FREE WILL WHAT OTHERS DO BECAUSE THEY FEAR THE LAWS
9. WE DO GOOD TO FRIENDS WHEN WE DO WHAT WE WOULD LIKE TO BE DONE TO US
10. JUSTICE IS A MENTAL VIRTUE THAT GIVES EVERYONE WHAT HE DESERVES
11. EDUCATION IS THE BEST RESERVE FOR OLD AGE
12. VIRTUE ALONE IS NOT ENOUGH TO ACHIEVE BLISS
13. THE WISE SHOULD NOT BE APATHETIC BUT MODERATE
14. LOVE IS NOT JUST FOR RELATIONSHIPS BUT ALSO FOR PHILOSOPHY
15. THE WISE WILL FALL IN LOVE AND ENGAGE IN POLITICS AND MARRY AND LIVE NEAR KINGS
16. GOD IS INCORPORATE
17. THE SOUL IS INCORPORATE
18. ALL MEN, BY THEIR OWN NATURE, DESIRE KNOWLEDGE
19. BY HIS NATURE, MAN IS A SOCIAL ANIMAL
20. IT IS EXCELLENT TO EXIT LIFE LIKE LEAVING A PARTY, NEITHER THIRSTY NOR DRUNK
21. HABIT IS SECOND NATURE
22. INJUSTICE IS FOR SOMEONE BY HIS OWN WILL TO HURT ANOTHER AGAINST THE LAW
23. WHERE THERE IS COMPETITION THERE THERE IS VICTORY
24. IT'S TRULY HARD TO BE MAGNANIMOUS
25. THE LAW SHOULD GOVERN EVERYTHING
26. WE ARE ALL FRIENDS TO THOSE WHO ARE SUCCESSFUL, BUT TO THOSE WHO ARE UNSUCCESSFUL NOONE IS A FRIEND, NOT EVEN THOSE WHO GAVE BIRTH TO THEM
27. INAPPROPRIATE LAUGHTER IS A TERRIBLE EVIL AMONG MORTALS
28. THE FUTURE IS TO A LARGE DEGREE THE SAME AS THE PAST
29. NOT ALL MEN HAVE THE SAME IDEA ON THE NATURE OF VIRTUE
30. THERE NEEDS TO BE SOMEONE WHO WILL AWARD AND JUDGE WHAT IS RIGHT
31. ONE BECOMES EVIL WHEN HE BECOMES A MONARCH, WHILE BY NATURE HE HAS THE CHARACTER OF A TYRANT
32. COURAGE IS PREFERRED THAN PRUDENCE
33. MORTAL THAT YOU ARE, YOU SHOULD NOT SUSTAIN ENDLESS ANGER
34. LEARNING IS VERY PLEASURABLE NOT JUST TO PHILOSOPHERS, BUT TO ALL OTHERS AS WELL
35. NOTHING HAPPENS WITHOUT A CAUSE
36. BRAVER IS HE WHO OVERCOMES HIS DESIRES THAN HE WHO OVERCOMES HIS ENEMIES, BECAUSE IT IS EXTREMELY DIFFICULT FOR ANYONE TO OVERCOME HIMSELF
37. THE GOOD CITIZEN MUST KNOW AND BE WILLING TO GOVERN AND BE GOVERNED
38. MOST PEOPLE JUDGE THEIR OWN THINGS BADLY
39. MOST PEOPLE LIVE OFF THE LAND AND DOMESTICATED FRUITS
40. THE PERFECT MAN IS THE BEST ANIMAL, BUT WHEN HE LACKS LAWS AND JUSTICE IS THE WORST OF ALL
41. SELF-KNOWLEDGE IS THE BEGINNING OF HUMAN WISDOM
42. YOU CAN ONLY LEARN WITH EFFORT
43. IT SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED SERVITUDE TO LIVE ACCORDING TO THE LAWS OF THE REPUBLIC, BUT A SALVATION
44. PERFECT IS THE FRIENDSHIP OF THE GOOD AND THOSE WHO ARE THE SAME IN VIRTUE
45. WE WORK, IN ORDER TO HAVE LEISURE TIME, AND WE FIGHT, IN ORDER TO LIVE PEACEFULLY
46. THE THREE THINGS THAT MAKE PEOPLE GOOD AND HONEST ARE NATURE, HABIT AND REASON. EVERY PERSON MUST BE HUMAN AND NOT AN ANIMAL, THAT IS, HAVE DISTINCT PHYSICAL AND MENTAL CHARACTERISTICS
47. IT DOESN'T MATTER THAT ONE IS BORN WITH CERTAIN ADVANTAGES OR DEFECTS, BECAUSE HABIT BRINGS ABOUT BIG CHANGES. SO SOME THINGS IN NATURE CAN CHANGE A MAN'S CHARACTER FOR THE BETTER OR FOR THE WORSE
48. MAN LIVES ACCORDING TO REASON WITH WHICH ONLY HE IS ENDOWED, AND IS OBLIGED TO ARRANGE THE ELEMENTS OF HIS ENVIRONMENT AMONG THEMSELVES
49. MAN MANY TIMES ACTS AGAINST HIS NATURE AND HABITS, WHEN THIS IS CONSIDERED BEST
50. VIRTUE IS SUPERIOR TO WEALTH AND MORE BENEFICIAL THAN NOBLE ORIGIN, BECAUSE IT CAN MAKE POSSIBLE WHAT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO OTHERS, WHAT CAUSES FEAR TO MANY, IT ENDURES COURAGEOUSLY
51. VIRTUE HOLDS THAT HESITATION IS CENSURE AND CONTEMNATION, LABOUR ON THE OTHER HAND PRAISE
52. OH VIRTUE, OBJECT OF THE EFFORTS OF HUMAN RACE, BEAUTIFUL PREY OF HUMAN LIFE, IN YOUR NAME DEATH ITSELF THE GREEKS CONSIDER ENVIABLE FATE AND THE CRUELEST AND NON-STOP STRUGGLE
53. OH VIRTUE, YOU INSPIRE SO MUCH LOVE, A LOVE IMMORTAL AND SUPERIOR TO GOLD AND PARENTS AND EVEN RESTFUL SLEEP. FOR YOU, VIRTUE, THE SON OF ZEUS HERCULES SUFFERED MANY HARDSHIPS TO ACQUIRE YOU
54. BEAUTY IS THE BEST LETTER OF RECOMMENDATION
55. IF FREEDOM AND EQUALITY WERE BORN IN THE THOUGHT OF A MAN, THEY CAN PRACTICALLY BE FOUND IN A DEMOCRACY, WHERE ALL MEN HAVE THE SAME RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE COMMONS
56. JUSTICE IS VIRTUE, ACCORDING TO WHICH AND ACCORDING TO THE LAW, EVERYONE HAS WHAT HE NEEDS TO LIVE
57. ALL VIRTUES STEM FROM JUSTICE
58. JUSTICE CORRESPONDS TO COMMON INTEREST AND IT IS KNOWN TO ALL THAT EQUALITY IS JUSTICE
59. WE ALL NECESSARILY ARE SELF-LOVERS, MORE OR, LESS
60. IT IS NATURAL TO LOVE ONESELF
61. EGOISM IS A KIND OF SELF-LOVE, WHICH IS CORRECTLY SEEN IN NEGATIVE LIGHT, BECAUSE IT IS NO LONGER LOVE FOR OURSELVES, BUT AN UNBRIDLED PASSION, A DESTRUCTIVE PASSION WHICH DRAWS THE MISER TO HIS MONEY AND ALL EGOISTS TOWARDS THE OBJECT OF THEIR DESIRES
62. IT IS BETTER FOR ONE TO PUNISH HIS ENEMIES THAN TO NEGOTIATE WITH THEM. BECAUSE, TO RESTORE WHAT YOU HAVE SUFFERED, IS RIGHT AND THE RESTORATION OF JUSTICE IS WORTHFUL
63. THE THREE THINGS EDUCATION NEEDS ARE NATURE, STUDY AND PRACTICE
64. THOSE WHO HAVE CAREFULLY STUDIED THE MODE OF GOVERNMENT OF MEN, MUST HAVE BEEN CONVINCED, THAT THE FATE OF NATIONS DEPENDS ON THE EDUCATION OF THE YOUNG
65. WE SHOULD RESPECT THOSE WHO RAISE AND EDUCATE CHILDREN WELL, THAN THOSE WHO GIVE BIRTH TO THEM
66. THE UNITY OF A PEOPLE SHOULD BE ADVANCED THROUGH EDUCATION
67. HE WHO WOULD ESTABLISH EDUCATION, AND EXPECT FROM IT TO MAKE THE REPUBLIC GREAT, WILL ACT WRONG, IF HE ENDEAVORS TO ACHIEVE IT BY OTHER MEANS, AND NOT BY GOOD MANNERS, PHILOSOPHY AND LAWS
68. DISAPPOINTMENT CREATES ATTITUDES AND REVOLUTIONS. MOREOVER THE CITIZENS REVOLT, NOT ONLY ABOUT INEQUALITY OF WEALTH, BUT ALSO ABOUT INEQUALITY OF GIVEN BENEFITS
69. THE LOWER REVOLT TO BECOME EQUAL TO ALL, AND THE EQUAL TO BECOME SUPERIOR. THIS IS THE MINDSET THAT CREATES REVOLUTIONS
70. THE PURPOSE OF REVOLUTIONS IS THE ACQUISITION OF WEALTH AND POLITICAL HONOURS, OR, THE THROW OFF OF MISERY AND THE AVOIDANCE OF DISHONOR
71. THE CLASS DISTINGUISHED FOR ITS VIRTUE RARELY ATTEMPTS A REVOLUTION AND THAT, BECAUSE THEY ARE ALWAYS IN THE MINORITY
72. EVEN IF ONE HAS LIMITED GOODS, AS LONG AS HE HAS A GOOD CHARACTER AND SPIRIT, HE CAN BE HAPPY
73. DEATH IS THE MOST AWESOME OF ALL THINGS, BECAUSE IT IS THE END, BEYOND WHICH IT IS BELIEVED THAT THERE IS NOTHING FOR THE DEAD, NEITHER GOOD NOR BAD
74. WE HAVE A DUTY TO CONSIDER GOD AS AN ALMIGHTY, IMMORTAL AND PERFECT SPIRIT. FOR THOUGH HE IS INVISIBLE TO THE EYES OF MEN, YET HE IS MANIFESTED BY HIS WORKS
75. ANYONE CAN EASILY GET ANGRY. HOWEVER, HE SHOULD GET ANGRY WHEN HE SHOULD, TO THE RIGHT DEGREE, AT THE RIGHT TIME, FOR A JUST CAUSE
76. WHEN PEOPLE TAKE OUT THEIR ANGER TO OTHERS, THEY FEEL GOOD
77. DOGS DO NOT BITE THOSE WHO FALL DOWN, AND ANGER CEASES AND DOES NOT BREAK OUT ON A MAN WHO WILL SHOW HUMILIATION BEFORE THE ANGRY
78. ONE MAKES A CONTRACT WITH LENIENCY, WHEN FORGIVING WEAKNESSES
79. CONSCIENCE IS OUR OWN JUDGMENT OF THE RIGHT OR WRONG OF OUR ACTIONS
80. BEING RESERVED IS AN ORNAMENT OF YOUTH AND A FAULT OF OLD AGE
81. SLEEP, ALTAR OF THE NIGHT
82. ENVYING SOMEONE IS LIKE ADMITTING THAT YOU ARE INFERIOR TO THEM
83. PHILOSOPHY IS THE SCIENCE OF TRUTH
84. POVERTY WITHOUT DEBT IS GREAT WEALTH
85. BECAUSE MEN ARE MOSTLY AMBITIOUS, THEY NECESSARILY LIKE TO SPEAK BAD OF THEIR FELLOW MAN
86. TYRANTS ARE FRIENDS OF THE WICKED AND THE CORRUPT BECAUSE THEY FLATTER THEM AND THEY LIKE IT. NO PERSON OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND HONESTY IS RULED BY THIS DEFECT
87. GOOD PEOPLE MAY FEEL AFFECTION FOR FRIENDS, BUT THEY DO NOT FLATTER THEM. ON THE CONTRARY, THE WICKED PRAISE THE EVIL DEEDS OF THE POWERFUL AND PARTICIPATE IN THEM
88. THE CREATOR CAN BE NEITHER THE ONLY NOR THE BEST JUDGE OF HIS WORK
89. EVERY TEACHING AND EVERY INTELLECTUAL LEARNING STARTS WITH EXISTING KNOWLEDGE
90. TO MAKE REST BEAUTIFUL THE ANCIENTS INTRODUCED MUSIC IN EDUCATION. THEY DID NOT CLAIM IT WAS A NECESSARY ART BECAUSE IT IS NOT A NECESSITY
91. MOTHERS LOVE THEIR CHILDREN MORE THAN FATHERS. AND THAT, BECAUSE FIRST OF ALL CHILDBIRTH IS PAINFUL, AND SECONDLY THEY HAVE THE CERTAINTY THAT THE CHILDREN ARE THEIRS
92. THE STRONGEST MEMORY IS MOSTLY POSSESSED BY THOSE WHO PERCEIVE SLOWLY
93. CORRECTLY WRITTEN LAWS SHOULD PROVIDE FOR ALL CASES AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE, SO LEAVING AS LITTLE AS POSSIBLE TO JUDGES' DISCRETION
94. EVEN WHEN THE LAWS HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED, THEY SHOULD NOT ALWAYS REMAIN THE SAME AND IMMUTABLE
95. THE JUDGMENT OF THE LEGISLATOR IS NOT PARTIAL, BUT UNIVERSAL AND FUTURE ORIENTED, THE JUDGE ON THE OTHER HAND JUDGES THINGS THAT HAVE HAPPENED
96. LAWS MUST RULE AND BE ABOVE ALL
97. WISDOM IS THE MOTHER AND NURISHMENT OF EVERY VIRTUE
98. THERE ARE PEOPLE SO GREEDY THAT THEY THINK THEY WILL LIVE FOREVER AND OTHERS SO WASTEFUL THAT THEY THINK THEY WILL DIE IN A MOMENT
99. IT IS IMPOSSIBLE FOR ONE WHO DOES NOTHING, TO DO A LOT
100. WEALTH OFTEN RULES OVER CIRCUMSTANCES
101. SOME BEINGS, FROM THEIR BIRTH, ARE DESTINED TO BE SUBMISSIVE OR, TO RULE
102. MORAL CHARACTER HAS THE POWER TO MAKE SOMETHING BELIEVABLE
103. THE THREE QUALIFICATIONS WHICH SHOULD BE POSSESSED BY THOSE WHO ARE TO ASSUME THE GOVERNMENT OF A REPUBLIC ARE A LOVE FOR THE EXISTING REGIME, THE NECESSARY ABILITY AND VIRTUE, AND A LOVE OF JUSTICE, WHICH ARE SUITABLE TO THE COUNTRY WHERE THEY LIVE
104. THE PASSIONS OF THE SOUL CORRUPT EVEN THESE EXCELLENT MEN WHEN THEY BECOME GOVERNORS
105. AFTER BENEFICENCE GRACE DIES