DEMOCRITUSAbdera, 470 or 460 - approx. 370 B.C. |
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Great philosopher of antiquity. The first who devised the atomic theory, or received it from his teacher Leucippus, to formulate and extend it to all natural phenomena, establishing the theory scientifically, and opening the gates to the Natural sciences. He was born in Abdera to a very rich father. He spent his share of his father's fortune (100 talents, an enormous amount) on long journeys, to satisfy his scientific curiosity. He visited, among other countries, Egypt, Babylonia, Arabia, Ethiopia. He stayed for a considerable period of time in Athens, where he actually heard Socrates talk, but without getting to know him. He was not at all ambitious and preferred the "live without drawing attention". He himself says: "I came to Athens and no one knew me". He returned to Abdera, where he lived the life of a hermit, writing, researching and teaching. So strong was his love of scientific research that he said he would rather find an "etiology" (ie the scientific explanation of a phenomenon) than be given the throne of the kingdom of Persia.
His writings were written in the Ionic dialect, and include all branches of human knowledge: mathematics, physics, medicine, agriculture, ethics, poetry, music, painting, grammar, aesthetics, phonetics, and martial arts. Democritus asserted that "being" (the universe) is eternal, unchanging and indestructible, however it is not "simple" as the Eleatic philosophers believed, but "multiple". Since, according to Democritus, being is multiple, i.e. it is composed of infinitesimal pieces of matter (atoms) which are eternal, indestructible, unchanging and indivisible, these must necessarily come into relation with others, so that what we call movement is born.
The atoms, infinite in number and shape, whirl into infinity, like dust in the air, and, as they coalesce, form infinite worlds, (the "Great Universe"), to one of which the Earth belongs. Everything is done by mechanical necessity. Democritus gives a clear explanation of the birth of the constellations and also maintains that the soul also consists of smooth, thin and round atoms, which the body inhales from the air, thus giving the mental life a purely material and mechanical function. From his "Ethics" 230 passages have survived, most of them quotations. Only after two millennia, Bacchus and Ghassadi, brought the giant Democritus to the surface, and only in the 10th century, the supreme importance of his philosophy was understood, which led to the interpretation of the laws of sound, light, heat, as well as in chemical and physical changes (splitting of atoms) on a very wide scale. Under Socrates, the search for natural laws for the interpretation and understanding of being ended, in order to develop the philosophy of "useful virtue" and political philosophy, as Democritus himself said.
The life of the wise Abderitis is surrounded by the fog of legend and mystery, and many wonderful things are mentioned, especially around the last years of his life, by various authors, such as his meeting with Hippocrates and the dialogue that took place between them. However, the authenticity of all these biographical details is questioned by critics. However, one of the characteristics of Democritus that is not disputed, is that he laughed a lot, and every moment, seeing how insignificant and funny all the serious and great things of people were, in front of the greatness of the World. That is why it was called "Gelasinos". And, also, that the Abderites worshiped him as a god and, after his death, set up a bronze statue of him. He died at a very old age.
Quotes
- THE WORLD IS A THEATER STAGE AND LIFE IS A PASSING FROM IT. YOU CAME, YOU SAW, YOU GONE
- THERE ARE INFINITE WORLDS BORN AND DESTRUCTIBLE
- DARING IS THE BEGINNING OF ACTION, BUT LUCK IS THE RULER OF THE END
- SOUL AND MIND ARE IDENTICAL
- EVERYTHING HAPPENS BY NECESSITY
- ULTIMATE GOAL IS HAPPINESS WHICH MEANS PEACE OF MIND AND STABILITY
- WE REALLY KNOW NOTHING BECAUSE THE TRUTH IS AT THE BOTTOM
- IN TRUTH ATOMS AND VOID
- NO PHENOMENON CAN BE A CRITERION, SINCE PHENOMENA DO NOT EXIST
- HE WHO PREFERS THE GOODS OF THE SOUL PREFERS THE MOST DIVINE GOODS. HE WHO PREFERS THE GOODS OF THE BODY PREFERS HUMAN GOODS
- IT IS RIGHT TO PREVENT THOSE WHO TRY TO COMMIT INJUSTICE. IF THIS IS NOT POSSIBLE, LET US NOT PARTICIPATE IN THE INJUSTICE
- WE MUST EITHER BE GOOD OR IMITATE THE GOOD
- PEOPLE ARE NOT HAPPY WITH MATERIAL GOODS NOR MONEY, BUT WITH RIGHT THINKING AND WIDE LEARNING
- THE BEGINNING OF EVERYTHING IS ATOMS AND THE VOID
- IT'S A WONDERFUL THING TO THINK ABOUT SUITABLE THINGS DURING TRAGEDIES
- REPENTANCE FOR UGLY DEEDS IS LIFE SAVING
- WE MUST SPEAK THE TRUTH AND NOT A LOT OF WORDS
- THE ONE WHO DOES WRONG IS MORE SAD THAN THE ONE WHO IS WRONGED
- IT IS MAGNANIMUS TO ENDURE THE MISCONDUCT
- IT IS SUITABLE TO SUBMIT TO THE LAW, THE LORD AND THE WISE
- THE VIRTUOUS MAN TAKES NO ACCOUNT OF THE VICIOUS THAT ACCUSE HIM
- IT IS BAD TO BE RULED BY THE WORST
- HE WHO ALWAYS SUBMITS TO MONEY CAN NEVER BE JUST
- WORD IS MANY TIMES MORE PERSUADING THAN GOLD
- WHOEVER TRIES TO TEACH ONE WHO THINKS HE KNOWS IS DOING IT IN VAIN
- MANY, THOUGH NOT TAUGHT LOGIC, LIVE ACCORDING TO IT
- MANY, THOUGH THEY DO THE MOST UGLY DEEDS, USE THE NICEST WORDS
- FOOLS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH MISERIES
- WE SHOULD BE JEALOUS OF WORKS AND DEEDS OF VIRTUE AND NOT WORDS
- THEY KNOW AND DESIRE GOOD THINGS THOSE WHO ARE ENDOWED BY NATURE TOWARDS THEM
- THE NOBLENESS OF AN ANIMAL LIES IN ITS PHYSICAL STRENGTH WHILE IN HUMANS IN THE RIGHT FORM OF CHARACTER
- THE HOPES OF THOSE WHO THINK CORRECTLY ARE ACHIEVABLE WHILE THOSE OF THE FOOLS UNACHIEVABLE
- NEITHER ART NOR WISDOM IS POSSIBLE FOR ONE UNLESS IT IS TAUGHT
- IT IS BETTER TO CHECK OUR OWN ERRORS THAN THOSE OF OTHERS
- THOSE WHO HAVE AN ORDERLY CHARACTER THEY ALSO HAVE AN ORDERLY LIFE
- IT IS GOOD NOT NOT TO WRONG, BUT NOT TO WANT TO WRONG
- IT IS NICE TO PRAISE GOOD WORKS. TO PRAISE, HOWEVER, THE UGLY IS A CHARACTERISTIC OF AN INSIGNIFICANT PERSON AND A FRAUD
- MANY WHO HAVE A LOT OF KNOWLEDGE LACK WISDOM
- WE SHOULD INCREASE OUR MENTAL AWARENESS NOT OUR KNOWLEDGE
- IT IS BETTER TO THINK BEFORE ACTING THAN TO REGRET
- WE SHOULD NOT BELIEVE EVERYONE BUT ONLY THE SUCCESSFUL. THE FIRST, MOREOVER, IS CHARACTERISTIC OF THE NAIVE, THE SECOND OF THE PRUDENT MAN
- A MAN IS WORTHY OR, WORTHLESS NOT ONLY BASED ON WHAT HE DOES BUT ALSO BY WHAT HE THINKS
- FOR ALL MEN THE GOOD AND THE TRUE ARE THE SAME. THE PLEASURABLE IS DIFFERENT FROM PERSON TO PERSON
- UNRESTRAINED DESIRE CHARACTERIZES THE CHILD AND NOT THE ADULT
- PLEASURES CAUSE MISERY AT THE TIME WHEN THEY SHOULDN'T
- INTENSE DESIRE FOR ONE PARTICULAR THING MAKES THE SOUL BLIND TO THE REST
- RIGHT LOVE MEANS DESIRING THE BEAUTIFUL IN A NICE WAY
- WE SHOULD ACCEPT NO PLEASURE IF IT DOESN'T BENEFIT US MORALLY
- FOOLS ARE BETTER TO BE GOVERNED THAN TO GOVERN
- FOOLS DO NOT LEARN FROM WORDS BUT FROM MISERIES
- FAME AND WEALTH WITHOUT PRUDENCE ARE NOT SAFE ACQUISITIONS
- OBTAINING MONEY IS NOT BAD, BUT OBTAINING MONEY FROM INJUSTICE IS THE WORST
- IT IS BAD TO IMITATE THE BAD, WHILE NOT EVEN THINKING OF IMITATING THE GOOD
- IT IS BAD TO SHOW EXPERTISE ABOUT FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND NOT CARE ABOUT YOUR OWN
- CONTINUOUS POSTPONEMENTS KEEP ACTIONS FROM EVER BEING COMPLETED
- THOSE WHO DO EVERYTHING IN WORDS BUT NOTHING IN PRACTICE ARE FAKE AND VIRTUOUS ONLY IN NAME
- BLESSED IS HE WHO HAS WEALTH AND PRUDENCE, BECAUSE HE USES HIS WEALTH RIGHTLY ON THE RIGHT OCCASIONS
- THE CAUSE OF MISTAKES IS THAT WE IGNORE WHAT IS BETTER
- HE WHO DOES UGLY DEEDS SHOULD FIRST BE ASHAMED OF HIMSELF
- HE WHO IS A PERPETUAL DEVIL'S ADVOCATE AND PERPETUALLY CHIT-CHATS IS DEPRIVED OF THE NATURAL MEANS FOR LEARNING THE NECESSARY THINGS
- SAYING EVERYTHING AND NOT WANTING TO HEAR ANYTHING IS GREED
- WE MUST BE CAREFUL OF THE VICIOUS MAN, LEST HE FINDS A SUITABLE OPPORTUNITY
- HE WHO ENVIES CAUSES SADNESS IN HIMSELF AS IF HE IS HIS OWN ENEMY
- OUR ENEMY IS NOT THOSE WHO WRONG US, BUT THOSE WHO WANT TO WRONG US
- ENMITY BETWEEN RELATIVES IS MUCH WORSE THAN ENMITY BETWEEN STRANGERS
- BE NOT SUSPICIOUS OF ALL BUT CAREFUL AND CERTAIN
- YOU HAVE TO ACCEPT THE BENEFITS KNOWING IN ADVANCE THAT YOU HAVE TO RETURN THEM GREATER
- WHEN YOU BENEFIT, THINK FIRST OF THE ONE TO WHOM YOU OFFER THE BENEFICENCE, LEST HE IS AN INSIGNIFICANT MAN AND HE RETURNS EVIL INSTEAD OF GOOD
- SMALL BENEFITS AT THE RIGHT TIME ARE HUGE TO THOSE WHO RECEIVE THEM
- AWARD OF HONOURS CAN ACHIEVE A LOT WHEN COMMON SENSE PEOPLE ARE INVOLVED, THAT UNDERSTAND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE HONOURS WHICH ARE AWARDED TO THEM
- DISPOSITION FOR BENEFICENCE IS NOT IN HIM WHO LOOKS FOR RETURNS, BUT IN HIM WHO CHOOSES CHARITY
- MANY WHO SEEM TO BE FRIENDS ARE NOT AND MANY WHO SEEM NOT TO BE FRIENDS ARE
- THE FRIENDSHIP OF A WISE PERSON IS GREATER THAN THE FRIENDSHIP OF ALL FOOLS
- HE WHO HAS NOT EVEN ONE VIRTUOUS FRIEND IS NOT WORTH LIVING
- HE IS A PERSON OF BAD CHARACTER WHOSE FRIENDS THAT HE TRIED TO MAKE DID NOT STAY FOR LONG
- MANY AVOID THEIR FRIENDS WHEN THE LATTER FALL FROM RICHES TO POVERTY
- IN EVERYTHING THE BEAUTIFUL IS THE EQUAL, HOWEVER I DON'T CONSIDER EXCESS NOR DEFICIENCY RIGHT
- I THINK THAT ONE WHO LOVES NOBODY IS LOVED BY NOBODY
- A PLEASURABLE ELDER IS ONE WHO SPEAKS NICE AND SAYS GREAT THINGS
- PHYSICAL BEAUTY IS AN ANIMAL ELEMENT IF IT IS NOT BASED ON WISDOM
- IT'S EASY TO FIND FRIENDS WHEN YOU'RE HAPPY, BUT WHEN YOU'RE SAD, IT'S THE HARDEST OF ALL
- FRIENDS ARE NOT ALL PERSONS CLOSE TO US, BUT THOSE WHO HAVE THE SAME SENSE OF THE BENEFICIAL
- IT IS RIGHT, SINCE WE ARE HUMANS, NOT TO LAUGH AT OTHER PEOPLE'S MISFORTUNE, BUT TO MOURN
- GOOD THINGS COME TO US WITH DIFFICULTY AND AFTER SEARCHING, WHILE EVILS WITHOUT NECESSARILY SEARCHING FOR IT
- PEOPLE FOND OF ACCUSATIONS ARE NOT SUITABLE FOR FRIENDS
- A WOMAN SHOULD NOT TRY TO ACQUIRE ELOQUENT SPEECH, BECAUSE THAT'S A TERRIBLE THING
- THE WORST DISHONOR FOR A MAN IS TO BE RULED BY A WOMAN
- ALWAYS CONSIDERING THE GOOD CHARACTERIZES THE DIVINE MIND
- IF ONE BELIEVES THAT THE GODS OVERSEE EVERYTHING, HE WILL NOT FALL INTO AN ERROR NEITHER OVERTLY NOR COVERTLY
- THOSE WHO PRAISE FOOLS HURT THEM MUCH
- IT IS BETTER TO BE PRAISED BY OTHERS THAN TO PRAISE YOURSELF
- IF YOU DON'T UNDERSTAND THE COMPLIMENTS MADE, CONSIDER THEM AS FLATTERY
- WE SHOULD AVOID UNJUST ACTS NOT OUT OF FEAR BUT BECAUSE IT IS THE RIGHT THING
- THE WORLD IS CHANGE, LIFE IS SUBJECTIVE PERCEPTION
- A LITTLE WISDOM IS MORE PRECIOUS THAN GLORY FOR GREAT FOOLISHNESS
- CONVENTIONALLY HOT, CONVENTIONALLY COLD, IN REALITY THERE ARE ONLY ATOMS AND VOID
- IN REALITY WE KNOW NOTHING BECAUSE THE TRUTH LIES AT THE BOTTOM
- FOR A WISE MAN, LUCK REGULATES A FEW THINGS, THE GREATEST AND MOST IMPORTANT, HOWEVER, ARE REGULATED BY REASON AND DURING HIS WHOLE LIFE THEY ARE REGULATED AND WILL BE REGULATED BY REASON
- PEOPLE CREATED A MENTAL PICTURE OF LUCK TO JUSTIFY THEIR OWN MISJUDGMENT
- A WOMAN IS SO CALLED BECAUSE SHE GIVES BIRTH, BECAUSE SHE IS RECEPTIVE
- SEMEN IS EXCRETED FROM THE WHOLE BODY
- PEOPLE WHEN THEY SCRATCH FEEL GOOD AND IT FEELS LIKE THEY HAVE A SENSUAL CONTACT
- DIVINE THINGS ARE PERCEIVED BY THE MIND
- IF YOU OPEN YOURSELF INSIDE, YOU WILL FIND, A STORAGE AND REPOSITORY OF EVERY KIND AND FORM OF EVIL
- LET US NOT BE ENGAGED WITH THE WORDS OF PEOPLE WHO QUARREL AND RAISE COMPLICATED ISSUES
- THE FISH YOU SHARE WITH ANOTHER DOESN'T HAVE BONES
- IF THE BODY PUT ITS SOUL ON TRIAL FOR ABUSE, IT WOULD BE IMPOSSIBLE FOR THE SOUL TO BE ACQUITTED
- A LIFE WITHOUT VIRTUE, PRUDENCE, WISDOM AND PIETY IS NOT A BAD LIFE BUT DEATH THAT LASTS A LONG TIME
- DON'T BE WILLING TO LEARN EVERYTHING, LEST YOU LEARN NOTHING
- HAPPINESS AND UNHAPPINESS ARE PROPERTIES OF THE SOUL
- BLISS DOES NOT RESIDE IN HERDS OF ANIMALS OR GOLD. DIVINE LUCK'S DWELLING IS THE SOUL
- FROM THE SAME THINGS FROM WHICH WE CREATE GOOD, EVIL COULD BE CREATED, BUT IT IS POSSIBLE TO AVOID EVIL
- DEEP WATER IS USEFUL FOR MANY, BUT AT THE SAME TIME IT IS BAD BECAUSE THERE IS A RISK OF DROWNING. AN ART OF LEARNING TO SWIM HAS BEEN FOUND
- IN PEOPLE, THE GOOD THINGS BECOME EVIL, WHEN SOMEONE DOES NOT KNOW HOW TO GUIDE THE GOOD THINGS AND DIRECT THEM CORRECTLY
- HE WHO HAS PEACE OF MIND WHEN DRIVEN TO WORKS RIGHTEOUS AND LAW-ABIDING FEELS GOOD BOTH WHEN AWAKE AND WHEN SLEEPING AND IS STRONG AND WITHOUT CARES
- THE GODS GIVE MEN ALL GOODS, BOTH IN THE PAST AND IN THE PRESENT
- LUCK IS GENEROUS BUT UNCERTAIN, WHILE NATURE IS SELF-SUFFICIENT. THEREFORE, WITH HER SMALLER BUT CERTAIN FORCES OVERCOMES THE GREATER FORCES, WHICH HOPE PROMISES
- A GOOD WORD DOESN'T COVER A BAD ACT NOR A GOOD ACT IS DAMAGED BY BAD WORDS
- THE WORST TEACHER OF YOUTH IS CONVENIENCE. IT, IS THE ONE THAT GIVES BIRTH TO PLEASURES, FROM WHICH VICIOUSNESS IS CREATED
- CHILDREN WHO DIDN'T TRY HARD AND DIDN'T PUT EFFORT COULDN'T LEARN LETTERS, MUSIC, ATHLETICS, NOR THE RESPECT THAT ESTABLISHES VIRTUE
- EDUCATION IS AN ORNAMENT FOR THE HAPPY AND A SHELTER FOR THE WRECKED
- IT WILL BE SEEN HOW HE IS MORE ABLE TO DIRECT TO VIRTUE HE WHO USES SUGGESTIONS AND PERSUASION OF REASON THAN HE WHO USES LAW AND NECESSITY
- GOOD THINGS ARE ACCOMPLISHED BY LEARNING WITH EFFORT, WHILE BAD THINGS COME WITHOUT DIFFICULTY AND BY THEMSELVES
- SOMETIMES THE YOUNG ARE WISE AND THE OLD ARE UNWISE. SINCE, TIME DOESN'T TEACH RESPECT, BUT EARLY TRAINING AND NATURE
- ENGAGING WITH VICIOUS PEOPLE INCREASES BOTH DISPOSITION AND EVIL
- THE HOPE OF THE EDUCATED IS STRONGER THAN THE WEALTH OF THE FOOLS
- SIMILARITY OF IDEAS CREATES FRIENDSHIP
- IT IS RIGHT FOR PEOPLE TO RESPECT THE SOUL MORE THAN THE BODY
- ENJOYMENT AND LACK OF ENJOYMENT IS THE CRITERION OF WHAT IS OR IS NOT IN OUR INTEREST
- THE BEST FOR MAN IS TO LIVE HIS LIFE WITH AS MUCH PEACE OF MIND AND AS LESS SADNESS AS POSSIBLE
- DON'T EVEN TALK ABOUT UGLY DEEDS
- PEOPLE ACHIEVE PEACE OF MIND THROUGH RESTRAINED PLEASURES AND CONTROLLED LIFE
- WE SHOULD FEEL CONTENT WITH HOW MUCH BETTER WE LIVE, CONSIDERING WHAT OTHERS ARE SUFFERING
- IT IS EASY TO PRAISE OR, BLAME SOMEONE FOR THINGS THAT SHOULD NOT HAPPEN, BUT BOTH SHOW A WICKED CHARACTER
- IT IS A WISE ACTION TO TAKE MEASURES AGAINST THE INJUSTICE THAT IS GOING TO HAPPEN TO US, WHILE IT IS INSENSITIVE NOT TO STRIKE BACK WHEN IT HAPPENS
- GREAT PLEASURES STEM FROM DOING GOOD DEEDS
- FORGETTING ONE'S OWN MISFORTUNES MAKES ONE RUDE
- FOOLS ARE EDUCATED BY THE EARNINGS OF FORTUNE, BUT THOSE WHO MASTER THESE MATTERS ARE EDUCATED BY THE EARNINGS OF WISDOM
- WHEN AN ANIMAL NEEDS SOMETHING, IT KNOWS HOW MUCH IT NEEDS, WHILE A MAN DOESN'T KNOW
- THOUGH FOOLS HATE LIFE, THEY WANT TO LIVE OUT OF FEAR OF HADES
- FOOLS LIVE EVEN IF LIFE DOESN'T SATISFY THEM
- FOOLS DESIRE LONGEVITY THOUGH LONGEVITY DOESN'T SATISFY THEM
- FOOLS DESIRE THINGS THEY DON'T HAVE, WHILE WHAT THEY HAVE EVEN IF IT IS MORE BENEFICIAL THAN WHAT THEY HAD BEFORE, THEY NEGLECT THEM
- MEN, TRYING TO AVOID DEATH, PURSUE IT
- FOOLS IN THEIR WHOLE LIFE CAN SATISFY NOONE
- FOOLS DESIRE LIFE BECAUSE THEY FEAR DEATH
- FOOLS ARE SATISFIED WITH OLD AGE BECAUSE THEY FEAR DEATH
- WE SHOULD PREFER NOT ANY PLEASURE BUT THAT CREATED BY NICE THINGS
- A FATHER'S PRUDENCE IS A GREAT MOTIVATION FOR CHILDREN
- LUCK PROVIDES A LUXURIOUS TABLE, BUT A TABLE OUT OF OUR OWN RESOURCES IS PROVIDED BY PRUDENCE
- WISDOM INCREASES PLEASURE AND ENHANCES ENJOYMENT
- SLEEPING DURING THE DAY IS A SIGN OF EITHER, PHYSICAL PAIN OR, MENTAL IGNORANCE OR, UNEMPLOYMENT OR, LACK OF EDUCATION
- COURAGE MAKES MISFORTUNES LESS IMPORTANT
- COURAGEOUS IS NOT ONLY HE WHO OVERCOMES ENEMIES BUT ALSO HE WHO OVERCOMES PLEASURES
- THE REWARD OF JUSTICE IS COURAGE AND FEARLESSNESS OF OPINION, WHILE THE ENDING OF INJUSTICE IS THE FEAR OF TRAGEDY
- FEARLESS WISDOM IS WORTH ANYTHING, BECAUSE IT IS MOST PRECIOUS
- THE GODS LOVE ONLY THOSE WHO HATE INJUSTICE
- WEALTH FROM UGLY DEEDS MAKES SHAME GREATER
- THE DESIRE FOR MONEY, UNRESTRAINED FOR ITS SATISFACTION, IS MUCH WORSE THAN EXTREME POVERTY, BECAUSE GREATER DESIRES CREATE GREATER NEEDS
- EVIL PROFITS HURT VIRTUE
- THE HOPE FOR EVIL PROFIT IS THE BEGINNING OF LOSS
- RAISING A LOT OF MONEY FOR CHILDREN IS AN EXCUSE FOR GREED, WHICH EXERCISES CONTROL OVER ITS OWN CHARACTER
- WHATEVER THE BODY NEEDS, EVERYONE CAN EASILY HAVE WITHOUT EFFORT NOR DISCOMFORT. HOWEVER, WHAT REQUIRES EFFORT AND DISCOMFORT IS NOT DESIRED BY THE BODY, BUT BY A BADLY CONSTITUTED OPINION
- THE DESIRE FOR MORE DESTROYES EVEN WHAT WE HAVE, AS IT IS SIMILAR TO THE DOG IN AESOPE'S FABLE
- WE MUST SPEAK THE TRUTH, NOT A LOT OF WORDS
- BOLDNESS IN SPEECH IS AN INHERENT ELEMENT OF FREEDOM. THE DANGER IS IN DIAGNOSING THE RIGHT TIME
- STINGIES HAVE THE FATE OF THE BEE, WORKING AS IF THEY ARE GOING TO LIVE FOREVER
- RESTRAIN AND HUNGER ARE USEFUL, IN THE PROPER OCCASION EXPENDITURE TOO. HOWEVER, DISCRIMINATION IS THE WORK OF A VIRTUOUS MAN
- LIFE WITHOUT CELEBRATIONS IS A LONG ROAD WITHOUT HOTELS
- PROPER JUDGMENT HAS HE WHO DOES NOT LAMENT FOR WHAT HE DOESN'T HAVE, BUT REJOICES FOR WHAT HE HAS
- OF THE PLEASURABLE THINGS, WE ARE MOST SATISFIED BY THOSE THAT HAPPEN MOST RARELY
- IF ONE EXCEEDS THE RIGHT MEASURE, THE MOST PLEASANT THINGS COULD BECOME THE MOST UNPLEASANT
- MEN WITH THEIR PRAYERS ASK THE GODS FOR HEALTH, BUT THEY DO NOT KNOW THAT WITHIN THEMSELVES THEY HAVE THE POWER FOR HEALTH
- THOSE WHO SEEK FOOD PLEASURES GOING OVER THE APPROPRIATE IN EATING, DRINKING OR APHRODISIACS, ALL OF THESE PLEASURES ARE SMALL AND BRIEF
- IT IS HARD TO FIGHT DESIRE. TO OVERCOME IT HOWEVER SHOWS A WISE MAN
- EVERY QUARREL IS STUPID. ONE PERCEIVES WHAT IS HARMFUL TO THE ADVERSARY, BUT DOES NOT PERCEIVE WHAT IS BENEFICIAL TO ONESELF
- WHOEVER CONFRONTS HIS SUPERIOR ENDS UP IN BAD REPUTATION
- THE VOWS WICKED MEN MAKE WHEN IN TROUBLE, ARE NOT KEPT, WHEN THEY ESCAPE TROUBLE
- HARDSHIPS UNDERTAKEN BY OUR OWN WILL MAKE OTHER HARDSHIPS EASIER TO BEAR
- CONTINUOUS HARDSHIP BECOMES LIGHTER BY HABIT
- MORE BECOME VIRTUOUS BY PRACTICE THAN BY NATURE
- ALL HARDSHIPS ARE PREFERABLE TO CALMNESS, WHEN GOALS ARE ACHIEVED FOR WHICH PEOPLE STRIVE FOR OR WHEN THEY KNOW THEY WILL BE ACHIEVED
- EVEN IF YOU ARE ALONE, DON'T SAY OR DO ANYTHING BAD. LEARN TO RESPECT YOURSELF MORE THAN OTHERS
- THE LAWS WOULD PREVENT NOONE FROM LIVING AS ONE WANTED, IF ONE DID NOT HARM THE OTHER. ENVY IS THE BEGINNING OF DISCORD
- LIFE ABROAD TEACHES SELF-SUFFICIENCY. BREAD AND A MATTRESS IS THE SWEETEST REMEDY FOR HARDSHIPS
- THE WISE MAN CAN GO ANYWHERE, BECAUSE THE WHOLE WORLD IS THE HOMELAND OF THE VIRTUOUS SOUL
- THE LAW SEEKS TO BENEFIT HUMAN LIFE, WHICH IT IS CAPABLE OF DOING WHEN PEOPLE THEMSELVES WANT TO BE BENEFITTED
- CIVIL CONFLICT IS BAD FOR BOTH PARTIES. THE WEAR IS THE SAME FOR WINNERS AND FOR LOSERS
- FROM UNITY GREAT PROJECTS STEM AND CITIES CAN SUCCEED IN WARS, NO OTHER WAY
- HUNGER IN A DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC IS AS PREFERABLE TO THE SO-CALLED WEALTH OF DYNASTIC REPUBLICS AS FREEDOM IS PREFERABLE TO SLAVERY
- IT IS NOT BENEFICIAL FOR GOOD PEOPLE TO NEGLECT THEIR AFFAIRS AND DEAL WITH STRANGERS, BECAUSE THEIR PERSONAL AFFAIRS WOULD TURN OUT BADLY
- MISTAKES ARE INEVITABLE, BUT FORGIVING PEOPLE IS NOT EASY
- WHEN EVIL PEOPLE RECEIVE HONOURS, THE MORE EVIL THEY ARE THE MORE INDIFFERENT THEY BECOME, FULL OF RECKLESSNESS AND RUDENESS
- WHEN THE WEALTHY ARE WILLING TO HELP THE POOR, THEY SHOULD HELP AND BENEFIT THEM, IN THEIR ACT THERE IS COMPASSION
- JUSTICE IS DOING WHAT SHOULD BE DONE AND INJUSTICE IS NOT DOING WHAT SHOULD BE DONE BUT NEGLECTING THEM
- WE MUST KILL BY EVERY MEANS THOSE THAT CAUSE HARM. WHOEVER ACTS IN THIS WAY WILL HAVE A GREATER SHARE IN PEACE OF MIND
- IN EVERY PROPERLY GOVERNED REPUBLIC WE MUST, ACCORDING TO THE LAWS OF THE FATHERLAND, KILL THE ENEMY, UNLESS PROHIBITED BY LAW
- WE MUST TAKE VENGEANCE FOR THE WRONGED IN ACCORDANCE WITH OUR STRENGTH AND NOT ABANDON THEM, BECAUSE SUCH AN ACT IS JUST AND RIGHT WHILE THE OPPOSITE IS UNJUST AND EVIL
- IN JUSTICE AND VIRTUE PARTICIPATES MORE HE WHO OFFERS RIGHTFUL HONOURS TO THE MOST WORTHY MEN
- ONE SHOULD NOT RESPECT OTHERS MORE THAN HIMSELF AND NOT DO MORE EVIL IF NO ONE IS GOING TO UNDERSTAND HIM
- ONE SHOULD RESPECT ONESELF MAINLY AND THIS SHOULD BE WITHIN HIM AS A LAW, SO HE DOES NOT DO ANYTHING IMPROPER
- PEOPLE REMEMBER BAD DEEDS MORE THAN GOOD DEEDS. THAT IS RIGHT
- BY NATURE POWER BELONGS TO THE BEST
- FEAR CREATES FLATTERY WHILE IT HAS NO GOOD MOOD
- NOTHING IS BORN FROM NOTHING AND NOTHING DISAPPEARS INTO NON-EXISTENCE
- A WOMAN HAS A MUCH STRONGER DISPOSITION TO BAD THOUGHTS THAN A MAN
- FEW WORDS ARE AN ORNAMENT FOR A WOMAN, WHILE THE MINIMALITY OF THE ORNAMENT IS ALSO BEAUTIFUL
- RAISING CHILDREN IS AN UNCERTAIN THING. THE SUCCESS, THAT IS, IS FULL OF STRUGGLES AND CARES, WHILE THE FAILURE IS GREATER THAN ANY OTHER SORROW
- I THINK WE SHOULD NOT HAVE CHILDREN, BECAUSE I SEE IN CHILDBEARING MANY AND GREAT RISKS AND MANY PAINS, WHILE THE BENEFITS ARE FEW AND THOSE SMALL AND BRITTLE
- WHOEVER WANTS TO HAVE CHILDREN I THINK IT IS BETTER TO GET THEM FROM HIS FRIENDS' CHILDREN. SO HE WILL HAVE A CHILD THE WAY HE WANTS IT, SINCE HE CAN CHOOSE IT AS HE WANTS IT
- IT SEEMS THAT CHILDBEARING IS FOR HUMANS A NECESSARY THING THAT COMES FROM NATURE AND FROM THE PRIMARY REGULATION OF LIFE. IT HAPPENS IN OTHER ANIMALS TOO
- ONE SHOULD DIVIDE HIS PROPERTY AMONG HIS CHILDREN AND AT THE SAME TIME OVERSEE IT LEST THEY PROCEED TO BIG EXPENSES
- IT IS POSSIBLE WITHOUT GREAT EXPENSE FOR SOMEONE TO EDUCATE HIS CHILDREN AND TO SURROUND WITH A PROTECTION BOTH THEIR PROPERTY AND THEM
- AS CANCER IS THE WORST DISEASE OF ALL WOUNDS, THE SAME FOR PROPERTY IS A USELESS AND CONTINUOUS EXPENDITURE
- WISE USE OF MONEY IS USEFUL AS GENEROSITY AND BENEFICIAL TO ALL. MISUSE OF MONEY TURNS IT INTO A DONATION TO THE PUBLIC
- POVERTY AND WEALTH ARE NAMES THAT SIGNIFY NEED AND FULFILLMENT. THEREFORE HE WHO HAS NEEDS IS NOT RICH NOR HE WHO HAS NO NEEDS POOR
- IF YOU DON'T WANT A LOT, A LITTLE WILL SEEM A LOT. SMALL DESIRES, IN OTHER WORDS, MAKE POVERTY COMPARABLE TO WEALTH
- WE MUST KNOW HOW HUMAN LIFE IS WEAK AND SHORT AND FULL OF MANY SORROWS AND HARDSHIPS
- HAPPY IS ONE WHO FEELS PEACEFUL WITH A LITTLE MONEY, WHILE SAD IS ONE WHO IS NOT SATISFIED EVEN WITH A LOT
- COMMON DIFFICULTY IS WORSE THAN INDIVIDUAL DIFFICULTY, BECAUSE THERE IS NO HOPE OF HELP
- THERE IS DISEASE OF THE HOME AND OF LIFE AS THERE IS DISEASE OF THE BODY
- THERE IS NO GATE TO WEALTH SO SECURE THAT THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF FORTUNE CANNOT OPEN
- IT IS IRRATIONAL BEHAVIOR NOT TO SUBMIT TO THE NEEDS OF LIFE
- REFUSE WITH YOUR REASON THE UNJUSTIFIED SORROW OF THE DRUGED SOUL
- FACING POVERTY PATIENTLY CHARACTERIZES THE WISE MAN
- THE HOPES OF FOOLS ARE IRRATIONAL
- THOSE WHO REJOICE WITH THE MISFORTUNE OF OTHERS DO NOT UNDERSTAND THAT WHAT LUCK BRINGS IS COMMON TO ALL AND THEY ARE ALSO DEPRIVED OF PERSONAL JOY
- STRENGTH AND BEAUTY ARE THE GOODS OF YOUTH. WISDOM IS THE FLOWER OF OLD AGE
- THE OLD MAN WAS ONCE YOUNG, BUT IT IS UNKNOWN IF THE YOUNG MAN WILL REACH OLD AGE. WHAT GOOD HAS BEEN ACHIEVED, THUS, IS BETTER THAN THE FUTURE AND UNCERTAIN
- OLD AGE IS A COMPLETE DISABILITY. THEY HAVE EVERYTHING, BUT THEY ARE IN NEED OF EVERYTHING
- SOME, BECAUSE THEY DO NOT KNOW THAT MORTAL NATURE IS DISSOLVED, AND FROM AWARENESS OF THEIR EVIL CONDUCT IN LIFE, THEY ARE TORTURED AND DISTURBED AND FEAR AS LONG AS THEY LIVE
- KEEP CAREFULLY THE ANGER THAT IS CONCENTRATED IN YOUR CHEST, KEEP YOURSELF AWAY FROM DISTURBANCE OF THE MIND AND DO NOT LEAVE EVERYTHING TO YOUR TONGUE
- SOME OF THE THINGS ARE INDECENT AND DISGUSTING, SOME ARE EVEN PROHIBITED BY THE LAWS
- NATURE FINDS PLEASURE IN SAME NATURE, NATURE DOMINATES NATURE AND NATURE CONQUERS NATURE
- WITH THE CHANGE OF LUCK EVEN THE MANY AND STRONG NEED THE WEAK AS WELL
- HEALING THE DEAD IS THE SAME AS TEACHING THE ELDER
- THE GOOD FRIEND SHOULD COME NEAR US IN HAPPINESS IF WE INVITE HIM, BUT IN SORROW HE MUST COME AND SUPPORT US BY HIMSELF
- NOT BEING ABLE TO HELP YOUR FRIENDS SHOWS YOU'RE IN A DIFFICULT SITUATION, NOT WANTING TO SHOWS YOU'RE EVIL
- TRUE FRIENDS MAKE FRIENDSHIPS SWEET AND MISFORTUNES LIGHTER BY REJOICING FOR THE FIRST ONES WITH YOU AND SHARING THE OTHERS
- PREFER IN LIFE TO BE LOVED THAN FEARED. HE WHOM EVERYBODY FEARS, HE FEARS EVERYBODY
- THE RULER SHOULD DISPLAY FORETHOUGHT AGAINST THE CIRCUMSTANCES, COURAGE AGAINST THE ENEMIES AND BENEVOLENCE TOWARDS HIS SUBJECTS
- HE WHO WOULD RULE OTHERS MUST FIRST RULE HIMSELF
- THE FORM OF THE FACE IS SEEN IN THE MIRROR, THE FORM OF THE SOUL IS SEEN IN RELATIONSHIPS
- ALL PEOPLE HAVE A CONSTANT DESIRE FOR WEALTH. WHEN THEY DO NOT ACQUIRE WEALTH THEY STRUGGLE, WHEN THEY DO ACQUIRE, THEY ARE TROUBLED LOOKING AFTER IT AND WHEN THEY LOSE IT THEY ARE SORRY
- YOU WILL BECOME WORTHY OF GOD IF YOU DO NOTHING UNWORTHY OF HIM
- MAN IS LIKE GOD IN BENEFITS, GOOD DEEDS AND SINCERITY
- EVEN THE GOOD CAPTAIN SOMETIMES IS WRECKED AND THE GREAT MAN FAILS SOMETIMES
- A KNIFE CUTS, BUT SLANDER DIVIDES FRIENDS
- PREFER TO GIVE A LITTLE THAN PROMISE A LOT. THEREFORE THE DANGER IS REMOVED AND THE ONE WHO RECEIVES NEEDS DEEDS NOT WORDS
- HE IS SUITABLE FOR A FRIEND PAR EXCELLENCE, HE WHO ENDURES MANY INJUSTICES
- WE SHOULD NOT EAT FAST AND GREEDY. THESE LOOK LIKE DOG HABITS AND ARE MORE SUITABLE TO A BEAST THAN TO A MAN
- IN THE SAME SENSE THE GOOD MASSAGE IS NEITHER THE PLEASANT NOR THE PLENTY BUT THE HEALTHY, SO THE GOOD FOOD IS NOT THE PLEASANT NOR THE PLENTY BUT THE HEALTHY
- HE WHO RESPECTS VIRTUE FIRST RESPECTS TRUTH CONSIDERING IT THE LEADER OF EVERY GOOD
- ENVY IS A WOUND OF TRUTH
- NEVER BLESS A MAN FOR HIS WEALTH AND GLORY. ALL THESE GOODS, WITH LESS FAITH, ARE SCATTERED TO THE WIND
- THE ONLY THING I KNOW THAT I DON'T KNOW
- CELEBRATE AT EVERY OPPORTUNITY BECAUSE OTHERWISE OUR LIFE IS LIKE ONE ENDLESS LONG ROAD